The Capital University Style Guide, first edition, is the official style book for Capital University marketing and communication. It is written to foster consistency throughout Capital University marketing and communication materials — printed or otherwise.
It is intended to be a reference of common Capital University terms, usage and punctuation for Capital faculty and staff who produce materials, especially those that promote Capital to its constituencies. It is not intended to replace other style guides used for specific purposes, such as academic papers or research intended for publication in scholarly journals.
The Capital University Style Guide relies heavily on guidance from two prominent style guides — The Chicago Manual of Style and the Associated Press Stylebook.
One of the oldest and most comprehensive style guides, the Chicago Manual of Style considers its core constituency to be writers and editors of scholarly books and journals. But it increasingly serves a growing base of users who work with magazines, newsletters, corporate reports, proposals, electronic publications, Web sites, and other nonbook or nonprint documents.
The Associated Press Stylebook, casually known as “the journalist’s Bible,” considers itself an essential companion to all writers, editors, students, and public relations professionals. It’s a quick, concise A-Z guide to usage, spelling and punctuation primarily for newspaper or news magazine writers and editors.
The Capital University Style Guide also relies on the educated views of member of the Capital University Communication Team, as well as other respected university style guides (University of Minnesota, University of Colorado at Boulder, Penn State University). It is not intended to be comprehensive. It will be updated regularly as best writing practices and usage evolve.
Abbreviations
In general, it is best to avoid abbreviations in running text. Abbreviations should be used only when your readers are familiar with them. Even then, spell out the full entity or term on first reference.
Articles (a, an, and the) with Abbreviations
Use the appropriate article (a, an, or the) with abbreviations when you would use that article in speech. The choice between using a or an is determined by how the abbreviation is pronounced. Use a when the word that follows is pronounced with a hard h, as in historical. Use an if the word that follows is pronounced with a soft or silent h, as in hour or honor. You generally do not need an article when an abbreviation is used as a noun.
- She is enrolled in an MBA program.
- They may be eligible for a HUD grant.
- The document describes the difference between an HMO and a PPO.
- LASP researchers designed and built an $88 million satellite for NASA.
Abbreviations That Stand AloneACT, GPA and SAT are not spelled out. In fact, SAT is no longer an abbreviation; it is a trademark.
AddressesUse appropriate punctuation. Abbreviate “boulevard,” “avenue,” and “street” with numbered addresses. Abbreviate directions (N., S., E., W.) in street addresses. Do not use a comma in addresses listing floors. “Room” is not used in giving locations or addresses. Spell out the names of numbered streets from first through ninth. Abbreviate Ohio (OH) in a block address; spell out in running text.
Ampersand (&)Do not use the ampersand (&) as an abbreviation for and. Use the ampersand only when it is part of an official name of a company, product, or other proper noun, or on covers, web tabs and display matter, at the discretion of the approved graphic designer.
Dates and Times for Courses in a list or tabular formatSpell out the day if the course only meets one day:
Monday 7-9:30 pm
Abbreviate if the course meets more than one time per week:
M/W/T/TR/F
For example:
M/W/F 2-2:50 pm; T/TR 2-3:15 pm
DegreesAbbreviate degrees with periods and without spaces
B.A.; M.S.; Ph.D.; M.Mus.; M.M.M.E., M.B.A.; D.Ed.; J.D.; M.D., LL.D. and LL.M. (not L.L.D.) or L.L.M.).
Pluralize abbreviations of degrees with ’s.
Ph.D.’s, J.D.’s
Days of the weekSpell out days of the week: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday; not Mon., Tues., Wed.
Months of the yearSpell out all months of the year
United StatesUse periods with the two-letter abbreviation for
United States. Do not use periods with the three-letter abbreviation for
United States of America. Use the abbreviation U.S. only as an adjective. Spell out
United States when it is a noun.
- The U.S. government is one of the nation’s largest employers.
- Most of their products were made in the USA.
- Capital University is home to the largest piece of the Berlin in the United States.
Articles a and an before hUse a when the word that follows is pronounced with a hard h, as in historical. Use an if the word that follows is pronounced with a soft or silent h, as in hour or honor.
Dr. Tom Maroukis, a history professor at Capital, will give a lecture on Native American traditions in religion.
She was awarded an honorary degree in the humanities.CapitalizationIn general, official names and proper nouns are capitalized.
Academic distinction Lists — Capitalize Dean’s List, Provost’s List and President’s List.
Awards, fellowships, grants, prizes and scholarships — Capitalize when referring to the full, formal name of any award, grant, scholarship, prize or fellowship. Lowercase on all subsequent, informal uses.
Brand names and registered trademarks – Capitalize Dumpster, Kleenex, Band-Aid. When possible, use generic terms such as trash bin, tissue and bandage.
Breaks – In prose, lowercase breaks, such as spring break, mid-semester break and winter break. Capitalize only holiday names in breaks associated with holidays, such as Christmas break, Thanksgiving break, and Easter break.
Central Ohio – Capitalize when referring to Franklin and contiguous counties.
DegreesCapitalization in names of degrees conferred at Capital University should match the Capital University registrar’s official degree list. Capitalize when spelling out the formal name of the degree, but it is not necessary to include “degree” after the degree name. If you choose to include “degree” it is never capitalized.
Bachelor of Science, Master of Business Administration, Bachelor of Arts, Master of Education
She earned her Master of Music degree from Capital University in 2005.
She expects to earn her Master of Education from Capital in 2014.
Lowercase bachelor’s degree, master’s degree, doctorate. Do not capitalize the major.
Denise Russell completed a B.S. in electrical engineering last May. Her brother earned his Doctor of Musical Arts that same year. Her sister is working on a B.A. in English. Her daughter is working on her bachelor’s degree in communication. (Note that English is capitalized because it is a proper noun. Academic subjects are not capitalized unless they are proper nouns.)Abbreviate degrees with periods and without spaces
B.A.; M.S.; Ph.D.; M.Mus.; M.B.A.; D.Ed.; J.D.; M.D., LL.D. and LL.M. (not L.L.D. or L.L.M.).
Pluralize abbreviations of degrees with ’s.
Ph.D.’s, J.D.’s
Directions/points of the compass — Capitalize geographical terms when they are commonly accepted as proper names, such as Central Ohio. Lowercase in all other uses.
Department, administrative office and program titles — On first mention, use the full name of the department, administrative office, program, unit or body and capitalize all words except prepositions. On subsequent reference, when only a partial name is used, lowercase. (Chicago Manual 8.67)
Homecoming – Capitalize when referring to Capital University’s Homecoming. Lowercase in general uses. They celebrated his brother’s homecoming.
Job and position titles — Capitalize job titles only when they immediately precede the individual’s name or when they are named positions or honorary titles.
President Denvy A. Bowman was inaugurated in October 2007.
Denvy A. Bowman, president, was inaugurated in October 2007.
President Barack Obama announced his plan for bringing the troops home from Afghanistan.
Barack Obama, president of the United States, announced his plan for bringing the troops home from Afghanistan.When a title appears in an address or other display format (such as list of administrators in an annual report), as opposed to running text, the title can be capitalized even if it appears after the name.
- Jean Warren, Director
- John Smith, Associate Director
Seasons of the year, semesters, holidays — spring, summer, fall and winter are lower case, as are semesters: fall 2011, spring 2012, etc. Capitalize religious and secular holidays.
Student status – Lowercase first-year student, sophomore, junior and senior.
Titles of works – capitalize all words except prepositions.
University – Capitalize when referring to Capital University even on second reference: He did this for the good of the University.
Awards, scholarships, grants and prizesFinancial aid awards
Alumni Grants
Army and Air Force ROTC College Scholarships
Battelle Memorial Institute Foundation Leadership Scholarships
Brockman Fellowship
Capital Connect Grant
Capital Scholars Program
Capital University Presidential Scholarships
Children of Pastors Grant
Collegiate Fellow Program
Discover Capital Grant
Lutheran Heritage Awards
Music Composition Award
Music Grants
Music Participation Awards
Music Scholarships
Partners-in-Education Grants
The Rev. Rufus S. Tarrant Grants
Employee awardsCotterman Award for excellence in academic advising
Praestantia Award for excellence in teaching
Stellhorn Award for service to the university
Student achievement awardsDr. and Mrs. Carl Ackermann Alumni Prize (Women)
Martha Alcock Excellence in Education Award
Laurance B. Anderson, Jr. Memorial Scholarship Award
The Stephen M. and Luanne E. Beller Award
William F. Bernlohr Award
The Dr. Boyd Bowden Student Athletic Trainer of the Year
Merle D. Brown Award
Joseph A. Brunetto Award
James & Marlene Bruning Student Research and Publication Award
Chemical Department Outstanding Senior Student
Clio Award for Excellence in History
William “Cozy” Cole Scholarship
Mr. and Mrs. George L. Conrad and Dorothea Conrad Music Award
Virgil H. Dassel Award
Mary Margaret Donnan Award
Dwight and Barb Fouch Douce Award
Solomon Dutka Memorial Award
Sandra Edlund Flutist Award
Steve Esposito Scholarship Award
Steve Esposito Professional Development Award
Faculty Leadership Award (Men)
Faculty Leadership Award (Women)
Financial Executives Institute Award
Karen Jeanne Foster Keyboard Performance Award
Clovis Frank Award in the Humanities
Ruth Friscoe Composition Award
Robert M. Geist Award
Hilmar G. Grimm Award
Hammarskjold International Studies Award
Hatton Award for Excellence in Spanish
Heyman-Bernlohr-Eckert Scholarship Award
Josephine T. Hickey Award
Adelaide Hinkle Undergraduate Prize
O. H. Hoversten Christian Business Ethics Award
Institute of Internal Auditors Accounting Excellence Award
The Kenneth R. Keller Award
Kohler Capital Study Abroad Endowment Fund
Charlotte S. Kuchlewski
John Landrum Award
Armin Langholz Prize
Legacy Scholarship Award
Kenneth J. Martin Award
The Rev. John W. Mattern Alumni Prize (Men)
McEwan Landscape Art Award Fund
Military Science and Leadership Award
Monnier-Lisko Award
Allene Montgomery Prize
Ruth S. Neikirk Award
The Distinguished Nurse Leader Award
Outstanding Senior Philosophy Thesis
Outstanding Senior Religion Thesis
Outstanding Student Leader Award (Men)
Outstanding Student Leader Award (Women)
The Nancy B. and Nicholas J. Perrini Award
Ann Bogue Pratt Award
Presser Foundation Scholarship
Jennifer K. Saylor Award
Nellie Patrick Schoonover Award
S. A. Singer Memorial Award
The Gene Slaughter Award
The Timothy E. Swinehart Award
The Symphony Club of Central Ohio Scholarship Award
Tau Pi Phi Award
To King Kwan Teacher Education Award
To Wong Pui Teacher Education Award
Marie Walck Memorial Music Award
Lauren R. Weed Theatre Prize
Ross B. Wildermuth Prize in Mathematics
Women of the ELCA Award
Buildings, classroom, recital hall and lounge namesAdmission and Welcome Center
Alumni House
Blackmore Library
Battelle Hall of Science and Nursing
Bernlohr Stadium
Cabaret Theatre
The Capital Center
- The Capital Center Performance Arena
- The Capital Center Field House
Capital Commons
The Capital Green
Capital University Apartments
Center for Health and Wellness, located in the Kline Building
College Avenue Residence Hall
Conservatory of Music
Cotterman Hall
Convergent Media Center
Crist Room
Cru Brew Café
Denvy A. Bowman Diversity and Inclusion Center
Freudeman Patio (Admission and Welcome Center)
Harry C. Moores Student Union
Honors House
Huber-Spielman Hall
Huntington Recital Hall
Kable Chapel
Kerns Religious Life Center
Kline Building
Langevin Atrium (in the Admission and Welcome Center)
Lohman Complex
Loy Gymnasium
Mees Hall
Memorial Gateway
The Mezz
Mettee Bridge of Learning, Room 260, Learning Center
Moe Lounge
One Main Café
Otto C. Meyers Service Center, where Facilities Management offices are located
Radio Studio – WXCU, Radio Free Capital
The plaza – Formerly known as The Plaza at Mound Street. Now simply called the plaza.
Renner Hall
Reflections fountain, the water feature, located on the plaza, funded primarily out of a significant gift from former Trustee Robert J. Weiler. It was completed in 2009.
Ruff Memorial Learning Center (Learning Center on second reference)
Saylor-Ackermann Hall
Schaaf Hall
Schneider Conference
Schneider Multipurpose Room
The Schumacher Gallery
Stegemoeller Lounge, located in Kerns Religious Life Center
Television Studio, home to Skyline Columbus
Troutman Hall
Weiler Conference Suites
The Wilbur Crist Rehearsal Room. Crist Room is acceptable on second reference.
Yochum Hall
Centers, councils and institutesAdoption Institute
Center for Computational Studies
Center for Excellence in Learning and Teaching
Council for Ethical Leadership
Center for Faith and Learning
Greek Council
Kodály Institute at Capital University
FYLaw (stands for Family Youth Law Center, formerly the National Center for Adoption Law and Policy at Capital University Law School)
Summer Science Institute
Summer Session
Degrees(From CU-Boulder) CU-Boulder style is to omit periods from abbreviations of academic degrees. When the abbreviation may be unfamiliar to the reader, we recommend either using the familiar generic degree (such as BA, BS, MA, PhD, MBA) along with the subcategory spelled out, or spelling out the entire degree.
Note: Capitalize when spelling out degrees: Bachelor of Science, Master of Business Administration; but lowercase bachelor's degree, master's degree, doctorate. Do not capitalize the major.
Denise Russell completed a BS in electrical engineering last May. Her brother earned his Doctor of Musical Arts degree that same year. Her sister is working on a BA in English.
(Note that English is capitalized because it is a proper noun.)
Abbreviate academic degrees after names only when mention of the degree is necessary to establish someone’s credentials. In most cases, this abbreviation will be limited to those with a terminal degree.
It is acceptable to precede a name with a courtesy title for an academic degree when that person has earned a terminal degree. If the person’s name is preceded with a courtesy title, do not follow the name with an abbreviation for the degree in the same reference.
Graduation Year with DegreeWhen including a graduation year with a degree, abbreviate the year, add an apostrophe, and include a space between the year and the degree. Do not set off in parentheses.
Lecture SeriesGerhold Lecture in the HumanitiesEdward L. and Mary Catherine Gerhold established the Mary Catherine Gerhold Annual Lecture in the Humanities at Capital University to promote peace and human understanding through higher education. Past lecturers include A.S. Byatt, author of the Booker Prize-winning Possession, and Tracy Kidder, Pulitzer Prize winner and author of Mountains Beyond Mountains. Funds from the endowment also support symposia, conferences, study projects and other scholarly activities in Mrs. Gerhold’s honor. The couple also established an endowed chair in the humanities at Capital. They were longtime Bexley residents, and Edward Gerhold was a lifelong Lutheran. The Gerholds were awarded honorary alumni status in 1996. Gerhold lecturers have been:
Author, visual artist, composer and computer scientist Jaron Lanier – 2012
Pulitzer-Prize Winning Author, Illustrator Art Spiegelman – 2011
Booker Prize Winner Michael Ondaatje – 2010
Booker Prize-Winning Author A.S. Byatt – 2009*
Pulitzer Prize Winner Tracy Kidder – 2007
The 2008 Gerhold Lecture in the Humanities was canceled due to severe weather.
Time, date, place Spell out months of the year in print and online. Abbreviate months of the year following AP Style only when there are space constraints. Use numerals only to indicate the date, and do not add superscripts such as rd, st or th. Omit the use periods with a.m./p.m. in web writing to create a cleaner look and to avoid spacing issues.
Example
(print): The concert will take place at 6 p.m. Monday, January 24, in Huntington Recital Hall.
(web): The performance will be given at 8 pm Monday, January 24, in Mees Hall.
Exception: Time stamps indicating when content was added to the web will follow this format: 1/24/11
MonthsSpell out all months of the year in print and online. Abbreviate in accordance with AP Style only when there are space constraints.
Days of the weekSpell out all days of the week. Do not abbreviate.
Time of dayFollow AP style and use figures except for noon and midnight. Use a colon to separate hours from minutes: 11 a.m., 1 p.m., 3:30 p.m. Omit the use periods with a.m./p.m. in web writing to create a cleaner look and to avoid spacing issues.
Midnight/noonFollow AP style and do not put a 12 in front of either.
Administrative offices/academic departmentsAs a general rule, administrative functions take place in offices. Academic functions take place in departments. For example, students who wish to pay their bills should go to the Office of Finance, but students studying finance are taught by faculty in the Department of Finance, which is organized under the School of Management and Leadership. The only exception to this rule is the Department of Public Safety in deference to standard practice in the law enforcement community.
Use “Office of” and “Department of” on first reference and in formal uses. Capitalize names of administrative offices and academic units because they are formal names.
Example:
The Office of Admission will host the Collegiate Fellowship Scholarship Competition at noon Monday, January 24, in the Admission and Welcome Center. Students should check in at the Admission Office upon arriving on campus.
The Board of Trustees honored faculty members in the Department of History for having four books published in one semester
Admission (not Admissions)
Athletic/Athletics – Athletic is an adjective. Athletics is a noun. Use Athletics when referring to the collective, and Athletic when referring to one team.
Example: Capital’s largest athletic team is the football team. Dawn Stewart is the director of Athletics.
Communication vs. communications (need more research)
Toward (not towards)
Advisor vs. AdviserA Google search yielded 456 million results for “advisor” and 64 million results for “adviser,” indicating advisor is a more common spelling. The group did not reach consensus, so further research and discussion is needed.
Acting vs. interimUse acting when referring to someone who is filling the position temporarily while its permanent holder is still employed by the University but is serving temporarily in another capacity. Use interim when referring to someone who is filling a position temporarily because it is vacant.
Alumnus, alumni, alumna, alumnaeUse alumnus (alumni in the plural) when referring to a man who has attended a school.
Use alumna (alumnae in the plural) when referring to a woman who has attended a school.
Use alumni when referring to a group of men and women who attended a school.
Use alum(s) only when referring to the specific chemical compound or the class of chemical compounds.
Abbreviations and acronymsA few universally recognized abbreviations are required in some circumstances. And in an academic setting with multiple governance bodies, committees, and work groups, others are acceptable depending on the context. But in general, avoid alphabet soup. When using abbreviations or acronyms that the reader would not quickly recognize, spell out on first reference and immediately follow with the abbreviation or acronym in parentheses. Use the abbreviation or acronym in all subsequent references.
Example: The National Center for Adoption Law and Policy at Capital University Law School (NCALP) seeks to improve the law, policies, and practices associated with child protection and adoption systems. NCALP research efforts seek to demonstrate the methods by which foster care and adoption processes can be improved.
An acronym is a word formed from the first letter or letters of a series of words. An abbreviation is not an acronym. Some general principles:
- Before a name: abbreviate titles when used before a name: Dr., Gov., Lt. Gov., Mr., Mrs., Rep., the Rev., Sen., and certain military designations, in accordance with AP style.
- After a name: Abbreviate junior or senior after an individual’s name (do not precede with a comma). Abbreviate company, corporation, incorporated and limited when used after the name of a corporate entity.
Right: John Smith Jr.
Wrong: John Smith, Jr.
- Abbreviate academic degrees after names only when mention of the degree is necessary to establish someone’s credentials. In most cases, this abbreviation will be limited to those with a terminal degree.
- With dates or numerals, use the abbreviations A.D., B.C., a.m., p.m. (for Web writing see Time of day), and No. Do not abbreviate days of the month. Only abbreviate months if there are space constraints.
Right: In 450 B.C.; at 9:30 a.m., in room No. 216
Wrong: Early this a.m., he asked for the No. to the room where the lecture was being given.
Right: Early this morning, he asked for the number to the room where the lecture was being given.
- In numbered addresses, abbreviate avenue, boulevard and street except when used on formal invitations, such as an inauguration.
Right: The president of the United States lives on Pennsylvania Avenue. The president of the United States lives at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave.
State abbreviationsFollowing are the state abbreviations, followed by the postal code abbreviations:
Ala. (AL)
Ariz. (AZ)
Ark. (AR)
Calif. (CA)
Colo. (CO)
Conn. (CT)
Del. (DE)
Fla. (FL)
Ga. (GA)
Ill. (IL)
Ind. (IN)
Kan. (KS)
Ky. (KY)
La. (LA)
Md. (MD)
Mass. (MA)
Mich. (MI)
Minn. (MN)
Mo. (MO)
Mont. (MT)
Neb. (NE)
Nev. (NV)
N.H. (NH)
N.J. (NJ)
N.M. (NM)
N.Y. (NY)
N.C. (NC)
N.D. (ND)
Okla. (OK)
Ore. (OR)
Pa. (PA)
R.I. (RI)
S.C. (SC)
S.D. (SD)
Tenn. (TN)
Vt. (VT)
Wash. (WA)
W.Va. (WV)
Wis. (WI)
Wyo. (WY)
Fax (no caps)United StatesUse periods with the two-letter abbreviation for United States. Do not use periods with the three-letter abbreviation for United States of America. Use the abbreviation U.S. only as an adjective. Spell out United States when it is a noun.
• The U.S. government is one of the nation’s largest employers.
• Most of their products were made in the USA.
• Capital University actively recruits student from outside of the United States.
Board of TrusteesThe Capital University Board of Trustees is the governing body for the institution. It establishes the University’s general policies, and it approves the acquisition and investment of funds and the acquisition and disposal of property. The board also elects the university president. Its membership consists of community and business leaders, the university president and clergy affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Trustees are elected by the board and serve a four-year term with a maximum of four consecutive terms. The board currently has 28 members. Capitalize when referring to Capital’s governing body.
E-mail/emailHyphenate but do not capitalize the word e-mail in print (unless it is the first word in a sentence). Consistent with best practices is web writing, do not hyphenate on the web.
TitlesIn general, confine capitalization to formal titles used directly before an individual’s name. Lowercase and spell out titles when they are not used with an individual’s name, and set them off with commas when they immediately follow an individual’s name. Avoid placing long titles before an individual’s name.
Names of Capital UniversityUse Capital University and Capital University Law School on first reference. On subsequent references, Capital, the University (capitalize the “U”), Capital Law School or the Law School. When possible, avoid Cap or Cap Law. Never use CU as an abbreviation for “see you” or for any other purpose.
Colleges and Schoolsthe College (do not capitalize “the” unless it is at the beginning of a sentence.
Capital University consists of the College and the Law School. The College consists of five schools:
• The College, which comprises five schools: School of Communication and Conservatory of Music; School of Humanities; School of Management and Leadership; School of Natural Sciences, Nursing, and Health; and School of Social Sciences and Education
• Capital University Law School
Office names:The former Office of Residence Life and Housing will now be called the Office of Residential and Commuter Life, and the former Office of Community Service and Student Programs now will be called the Office of Student and Community Engagement. April 2, 2012
VoicemailOne word.